The question how AI is effecting human ideation is complex not least because the nature of AI technology, like ideation itself is dynamic. But even cursory observation or casual conversation in design settings, both in education and professional practice, suggests AI's role in ideation is controversial. For example, given the vast size of data sets it can draw on, and its speed of operation, and thus growing influence on decision-making, how does AI cover the ethical aspects of innovation? While uncertainty is inherent in creativity, and ideation is situated in the space between certainty and total uncertainty, AI algorithms (lists of instructions) are calculated (statistical) probabilities. The ideation process, then, involves degrees of uncertainty, and whether AI is used or not. This highlights how ideation outcomes, which are proposals, not final outcomes depend on how apt users are at asking pertinent questions and by their ability to interpret ambiguity and unique circumstances. This approach recognises human agency (experience, critical attitude and judgement) that may also help to protect and develop designer identity and credibility. Yet some of the best innovative outcomes may be achieved by balancing human agency with AI tools.
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